Here, we propose the systematic extension of EASE-Grid in order to provide DGGS-like characteristics for EOS data sets. Discrete global grid systems (DGGS) have been proposed as one potential solution that addresses the challenge of geospatial data integration and interoperability. While significant effort and attention has been devoted to designing systems that deliver analytics ready imagery faster, less attention has been devoted to developing analytical frameworks that enable EOS to be seamlessly integrated with other data for quantitative analysis. Earth observation systems (EOS) have experienced rapid growth and uptake in recent decades, and the rate at which we obtain remotely sensed images is increasing. Vincenty's inverse: Given the latitude and longitude of two points compute the ellipsoidal distance and forward and reverse azimuths between the points.Although we live in an era of unprecedented quantities and access to data, deriving actionable information from raw data is a hard problem. Vincenty's direct: Given the latitude and longitude of a point (1) and the forward geodetic azimuth (1-2) and ellipsoidal distance to a second point (2), calculate the latitude and longitude of the second point and the reverse azimuth (2-1). Vincenty's formulae can be used to calculate the ellipsoidal distance and azimuths between two points. Spreadsheet (Krueger both series): A spreadsheet is available on the ICSM GitHub repository to perform geographic to grid conversions, or vice versa.The Krueger n-series equations are particularly beneficial in software to avoid error build up when conversions are done back and forth between geographic and grid coordinates. However, for applications where users are working across multiple UTM/MGA zones, Krueger n-series equations are recommended. The Krueger λ‑series equations are accurate to better than 1 mm within any zone of the Map Grid of Australia 2020 and can still be used for many purposes. Two methods are presented to convert Geographic to/from Grid coordinates Krueger n-series equations and Krueger λ‑series equations (Redfearn's equations). Coordinate conversions Geographic to / from grid This transformation will use the transformation grids and send the user an email to download the transformed dataset. Online web service:Ī web service available via the ICSM website allows users to upload a file to be transformed. Similarity transformation:Ī spreadsheet is available on the ICSM Github repository to perform a 7-parameter transformation. The magnitude of the distortion varies between jurisdictions and can be in the order of decimetres. In the case of GDA94 to GDA2020, the distortion component is caused by the different strategies used by state and territories to propagate GDA94 coordinates and surface movement of parts of the Australian crust. translation, rotation and scale) and distortion components of the differences in the datums. The combined conformal and distortion grid models both the conformal transformation (i.e. NOTE: Two types of transformation grids are available: 1) conformal only and 2) conformal and distortion. The transformation grids are available from the ICSM website. Transformation grids are the preferred method for transforming between Australian datums. The transformation grids are National Transformation version 2 (NTv2) files of binary grid shift (.gsb) format used to transform coordinates from one reference frame to another. Options for the transformation of coordinates to and from GDA2020 are transformation parameters and transformation grids. Coordinate transformationsĬoordinate transformation is the process of changing coordinates from one reference frame to another. They can be used for computations of small datasets and as a validation source for software development.ĭetailed information about the spreadsheets can be found in the Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 Technical Manual available via the International Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM). The documents and spreadsheets are a reference standard. Geoscience Australia provides a range of web applications, documents and spreadsheets to help with coordinate transformations, conversions and ellipsoid computations.
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